Researchers have identified a unique genomic signature in the microbiome of the Hadza a hunter-gatherer community based in Tanzania. The microbiome is the collection of microorganisms that live in and on our bodies and has been shown to play a role in our health and well-being. The Hadza have attracted attention from scientists due to their traditional lifestyle which involves a diet rich in fiber and low in processed foods. This lifestyle has been associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases such as obesity diabetes and cardiovascular disease and may be related to the unique composition of their microbiome.
The research team led by Dr. María Gómez-Gallego from the University of Copenhagen analyzed the gut microbiome of 350 Hadza individuals and compared it to that of individuals from nearby urban areas. They found that the Hadza microbiome was much more diverse with a higher abundance of previously unknown bacterial species. Additionally they identified a unique genomic signature in the Hadza microbiome that was not present in the microbiomes of the urban individuals.
The researchers suggest that this genomic novelty may have arisen due to the Hadza's traditional lifestyle which involves exposure to a wide range of environmental factors including changes in diet and physical activity levels. They also note that the Hadza have a different pattern of antibiotic use compared to individuals in more urbanized areas which may contribute to the differences in their microbiome.
The findings have important implications for our understanding of the microbiome and its role in human health. By studying the microbiomes of different populations we can gain insights into how environmental factors shape these communities and how we can leverage this knowledge to promote health and prevent disease. The research also highlights the importance of preserving traditional lifestyles and the biodiversity that they support.
